How to Get an Amateur Radio License — A Beginner's Path by Country

If you have landed on aprs.world without an amateur radio licence — maybe through a search for live tracking, ham radio frequencies, or "what is APRS" — and you want to actually transmit, this guide is for you. Listening to APRS, watching the live map, reading every guide on this site is all free and requires no licence. But the moment you want to put a packet on the air with your own callsign, you need a ticket.

The good news: in nearly every country, the entry-level amateur licence is reachable in a few weeks of casual study, costs less than dinner for two, and unlocks lifetime access to a worldwide hobby. The exam is multiple-choice in most jurisdictions; there is no Morse code requirement in any modern licence regime (Morse was dropped in the U.S. in 2007 and in most other countries around the same time).

This guide covers six countries with the largest English-language search interest, plus a general path that adapts to any country not specifically named. Regulations change. Every detail in this guide should be confirmed against the linked official agency before you sit an exam. We have tried to be accurate as of late 2026 but offer no warranty against rule changes.

Why the License Exists

A short detour into the "why" before the "how". Amateur radio uses chunks of valuable radio spectrum — VHF (2 m), UHF (70 cm), HF (40 m, 20 m, 15 m, 10 m and others) — that is shared internationally under ITU treaty. Governments allocate this spectrum to amateurs on the condition that operators demonstrate basic technical knowledge: how their equipment works, how to avoid interfering with other services, basic safety, and the regulations that apply to their station.

The exam exists to make sure transmitters on those frequencies are operated by people who understand they are sharing a finite resource with maritime, aeronautical, satellite, and other amateur stations worldwide. Once you pass it, you receive a callsign — a unique identifier issued by your national regulator — and a printed (or electronic) authorisation to transmit. The callsign is yours for life in most jurisdictions, renewable on a long cycle (typically 5-10 years).

United States — Technician Class

The U.S. amateur licence has three classes: Technician (entry), General (most HF privileges), and Amateur Extra (full privileges including all HF sub-bands). Each is a separate written exam administered by Volunteer Examiner Coordinators (VECs) authorised by the FCC. There is no Morse code requirement at any level.

The Technician class is the entry point and is sufficient for full VHF/UHF privileges — which is everything APRS needs on 144.390 MHz (the U.S. APRS frequency). The Technician exam is 35 multiple-choice questions drawn from a published pool of around 400 questions. Pass mark: 26/35 (~74%).

Study path:

  1. Pick a study source. The free HamStudy.org website (also as iOS/Android apps) is widely used; the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual is the print equivalent. Both cover the same question pool.
  2. Schedule 2-4 weeks of casual study. Most beginners pass after 20-40 hours of practice tests.
  3. Find an exam session. The ARRL exam finder lists in-person and online sessions. Online exams via GLAARG or other remote VECs are widespread and cost USD 15 typically.
  4. Sit the exam. Bring photo ID and the test fee. Most candidates know if they passed within an hour.
  5. Receive your callsign. The FCC issues a callsign within 7-14 business days after the VEC submits your application; it appears in the ULS database. You can also pay a one-time application fee (currently USD 35) for the licence itself.

Once you have your call you can transmit immediately on all Technician privileges. The General and Extra exams are separate later upgrades.

Official agency: Federal Communications Commission.

United Kingdom — Foundation, Intermediate, Full

The U.K. amateur licence has three levels: Foundation (entry), Intermediate (mid-tier with additional power), and Full (all privileges). The regulator is Ofcom and the exams are administered by the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB).

The Foundation licence is sufficient for VHF/UHF APRS (144.800 MHz in the U.K.) at the Foundation power limit (25 W maximum). The Foundation exam is 26 multiple-choice questions, pass mark 19/26.

Study path:

  1. Take a Foundation course. Most candidates do this through a local club; courses are typically 2-3 weekends or 10-12 weekday evenings. Some online-only options exist via the RSGB.
  2. Buy the RSGB Foundation Now! manual. Around GBP 12. Covers the entire syllabus.
  3. Pass the practical assessments. In the U.K. there is a practical component alongside the written exam: demonstrating basic station setup, safety, and operating procedure.
  4. Sit the multiple-choice exam. GBP 32 fee (as of 2026). Held either at a club or via remote-invigilated online exam.
  5. Pay the licence fee. Currently free for first issue; renewable every 10 years.
  6. Receive your callsign. Ofcom issues an "M3..." or "M6..." or "M7..." prefix Foundation callsign within a few days.

Official agencies: Ofcom (regulator) and RSGB (exam administration).

Germany — Class N, E, and A

The German amateur licence is administered by the Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA) and tested by clubs licensed by the BNetzA. Since 2024 there are three classes: N (Newcomer), E (entry, formerly "Class E"), and A (full, formerly "Class A").

The N class is a recent introduction (2024) aimed at very-easy entry, with reduced syllabus and lower power limit. The E class is the traditional entry licence and is widely held. The A class is the full licence including all HF privileges.

For APRS (144.800 MHz in Germany), the E class is comfortably sufficient. The E exam covers technical principles, regulations, and operating procedure across three written subtests.

Study path:

  1. Join a local club (DARC). DARC is the umbrella amateur radio association; most local Ortsverbände run Class E and Class A courses.
  2. Study the official question catalogue. Published by BNetzA; available in PDF form on the BNetzA amateur radio page.
  3. Sit the exam at a BNetzA test centre. Three written papers; fees published by the BNetzA.
  4. Receive your callsign. German callsigns start with DL, DK, DJ, DD, DG, and similar prefixes depending on class and history.

Official agency: Bundesnetzagentur.

Japan — Fourth, Third, Second, First Class

Japan has the world's largest amateur population by some counts. The licence is administered by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC, 総務省) and exams are run by the Japan Amateur Radio League (JARL).

There are four classes: Fourth Class (4級, entry), Third Class (3級), Second Class (2級), and First Class (1級, full HF privileges). The Fourth Class licence is sufficient for VHF APRS in Japan (144.640 / 144.660 MHz) at the Fourth Class power limit.

The Fourth Class exam is multiple-choice and covers basic electronics, operating procedure, and law. Many test sessions are run regularly across the country; some online options have been introduced in recent years.

Study path:

  1. Pick an entry-level study book. JARL publishes official Fourth Class study material in Japanese; multiple commercial publishers also offer prep books.
  2. Schedule a test session. Sessions are held monthly in major cities; fees are modest.
  3. Sit the exam. Multiple-choice format.
  4. Receive your callsign. Japanese callsigns are issued in regional series (JA, JE, JG, JH, JI, JJ, JK, JL, JM, JN, JO, JP, JQ, JR, JS, JX prefixes among others).

Official agency: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (the JARL is the volunteer society, not the regulator).

Turkey — TAY-C, TAY-B, TAY-A

Turkey's amateur licence is administered by Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu (BTK), the national telecommunications authority. There are three classes: TAY-C (entry), TAY-B (mid), TAY-A (full). The associated volunteer society is TRAC (Telsiz Radyo Amatörleri Cemiyeti).

The TAY-C licence is sufficient for VHF APRS in Turkey (144.800 MHz) at the entry-level power limit. The exam covers basic technical concepts, operating procedure, and Turkish radio regulations.

Study path:

  1. Contact TRAC or a local TRAC chapter. TRAC runs preparatory courses and can guide candidates through registration with BTK.
  2. Study the official Turkish-language syllabus published by BTK.
  3. Apply to BTK for an exam session. Sessions are held periodically; the schedule is published on the BTK website.
  4. Sit the exam. Multiple-choice format in Turkish.
  5. Receive your callsign. Turkish callsigns use the TA prefix (TA1 through TA9, TC, YM prefixes); SSID-style suffixes for additional stations are issued by BTK.

Official agency: BTK. Society: TRAC.

Australia — Foundation, Standard, Advanced

Australia's amateur licence is administered by the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) with exams delivered by the Wireless Institute of Australia (WIA) and other approved assessors.

The three classes are Foundation, Standard, and Advanced. The Foundation licence is sufficient for VHF APRS in Australia (145.175 MHz) at the Foundation power limit (10 W maximum).

Study path:

  1. Take a Foundation course through a local WIA-affiliated club or via an online provider. Typically a weekend course.
  2. Sit the exam at the end of the course. Multiple-choice plus a practical assessment.
  3. Apply for your callsign through the ACMA online portal. Australian callsigns start with VK (VK1 through VK9 by region).

Official agency: ACMA. Society: WIA.

Canada — Basic and Advanced

Canada has two licence classes: Basic (entry) and Advanced (full HF privileges). The regulator is Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED) and the society is Radio Amateurs of Canada (RAC).

The Basic licence is sufficient for VHF APRS in Canada (144.390 MHz). A Basic licence with "Honours" mark (80%+ on the exam) unlocks HF privileges as well.

Study path:

  1. Take a Basic course through a RAC-affiliated club or self-study with the Basic Study Guide.
  2. Sit the exam. Administered by accredited examiners; 100 multiple-choice questions.
  3. Receive your callsign from ISED. Canadian callsigns start with VA, VE, VO, VY by region.

Official agency: ISED. Society: RAC.

A General Study Path

If your country is not in the list above, the path is structurally the same in nearly every jurisdiction:

  1. Find your national regulator. Search for "amateur radio licence" plus your country name. The regulator's website will list the exam structure, syllabus, fees, and (usually) a question pool or sample exam.
  2. Find your national society. Most countries have an IARU-member society that runs courses, exams, and clubs. The IARU member-society page is the authoritative list.
  3. Take a course or self-study. Local clubs almost always offer course-based prep at low or no cost. Self-study works too if you are disciplined; budget 20-40 hours for the entry-level licence.
  4. Sit the exam. Format varies — multiple-choice is the global default; some countries include a short practical or oral component.
  5. Apply for and receive your callsign. The regulator issues your callsign after passing; it is yours for life in most jurisdictions.
  6. Start operating. Pick a radio (our first APRS radio guide helps), generate a free APRS passcode, and beacon your first packet.

What the Exam Covers (Roughly Universal)

Across nearly every entry-level amateur exam worldwide, the syllabus covers similar ground:

None of this is hard. It is roughly the level of a high-school physics chapter on electricity, with some specific rules layered on top. Many beginners pass after a few weekends of study.

Common Misconceptions

After You Pass

Once you have your callsign, the next steps for APRS specifically:

  1. Generate an APRS passcode at /passcode — it is free and derived from your callsign.
  2. Buy a radio that matches your use case — see Choosing Your First APRS Radio.
  3. Set your APRS frequency for your country — see APRS Frequencies by Country.
  4. Beacon your first packet and watch yourself appear on the aprs.world live map seconds later.

Welcome in advance. The amateur radio community is, in the experience of most who have joined it, one of the friendliest technical communities anywhere.

Further Reading

The licence is the smallest hurdle in this hobby. Clear it and the rest of amateur radio opens up — APRS included.